Sale of the product

The majority of companies achieves a process of trade through the separate forms of production and name, by means of which also is formed the necessary image of firm. This is called marketing, which is based on the concepts of supply and demand of goods. The defenders of marketing declare, that the user will buy only that the fact that he wants or that, what he requires, and criticisms indicate the psychological technologies, utilized in marketing, when consumer demand is formed artificially in order to give the possibility to develop new products and the markets for sale to companies. These technologies turn more than attention to the fact that forces man to make one or other decision or another, and they transfer this into the sphere of consumption. Marketing and technology of sales protrude as the main engine of mass consumption. For example, the appraisal group of public health, created by the government of France for the estimation of the effectiveness of medical preparations on the French market, revealed that fourth of represented medicines do not give real effect. This occurred because pharmaceutical companies (many of which use methods [GI]) they for long and persistently moved its ideas with the aid of marketing and thus they manufactured the mechanism of false positive conclusion, which flourished long years and led to the fact that the doctors began to extract prescriptions to these ineffective preparations. of (PR) - this is the method to sell the general image of company. As writes the British journal “economist”, corporations develop services PR because of the confidence in the fact that the well paid advertisement will present their corporation as the rich and necessary companies. PR is examined as a good method to have an effect immediately on all, who form opinion on the corporation (journalists, policy, activists, community). In particular, mechanism PR is developed in order to secure companies from the charges in the destruction of environment or of negative influence on the man. To PR is very complicated, t to be manifested it can in all possible forms: from the allocation of assets to the charitable actions to the release for the schoolboys of free pamphlets and booklets in the support, for example, TO

Marketing policy

Monsanto: “Biotechnology and food products - entire matter in the opinion. Monsanto considers that you have the right to know all opinions on this question”. Entire the advertising actions Of monsanto contained references to the ecological groups (such as “the friends [Grinpie]” and Earth) and information about how it is possible to be connected with them, thus it was created impression, that the dialogue was begun precisely Monsanto and goes always. Meanwhile the groups, indicated in the advertisement, never and heard any proposals from the side of corporation and gave any permissions to the use of these references in the advertisement. “The dialogue” also included conducting the open for the general public encounters and conferences, such as “the genetically modified organisms: the searches for balance”, carried out in March 1999 in Brussels. Payment for one participant was almost 640 dollars, which made the participation of the majority of public opponents and groups simply impossible. Monsanto: “For 20 years of the introduction of biotechnology by the company Of monsanto were carried out the serious studies, which confirm greater safety and nutritiousness of our products in comparison with their standard analogs. They (with respect to the genetically changed potatoes) were approved by the government agencies more than in 20 countries”. These statements were disputed by the British agency on the advertising standards (ASA), which came out against some positions in the advertisement of corporation, released in September 1999. In the report ASA it is written, that the corporation erroneously stated in the advertisement that the genetically changed potatoes and tomatoes were checked and approved for sale in Great Britain. ASA also refuted the unsubstantiated assertion of corporation that the genetically changed harvests were reared in “to the more suitable and favorable environment”, than usual cultures. Of the corporations Of monsanto it was indicated in the future not use these statement. It was also forbidden declare, that the migration of the genes of different organisms is only the offshoot of traditional selection and that the positive effect from the use of the genetically changed tomatoes was already proven. ASA condemned Monsanto for the propagation “false, unproven, contributing confusion” statements. Monsanto: “Special marking? Monsanto completely supports this”.

The society

Monsanto: “Special marking? Monsanto completely supports this”. Monsanto was the first company, which attempted to import in the European Union the genetically changed production without the special marking. Heated argument around the genetically changed production developed itself in the European Union in 1999, especially strongly in Great Britain. It was caused, at least partly, by the powerful Pr- campaign Of monsanto. However, the quantity of means, which corporations put in [GI], which means, that so simply they they will not be returned. Pressure from their side all is strengthened, and Pr- services develop new methods, while dispute in essence it is aimed to the adoption or the nonacceptance [GI] in Europe. DuPont, until recently the most important in the world chemical company, developed on the television action let us " compose list for the planet” along the advertisement of production, manufactured on the basis of the genetically changed soya. Another important chemical company Of hoechst, at present the part of the corporation Of aventis, carries out the policy of environmental protection on its sites in the Internet. Novartis, based in Switzerland, speaks in favor of the thinner approach of [pablik] of [rileyshnz] to the advertising of its activity, including financial support “of the fund for steady development” and wide illumination of its activity. Attempts to limit the propagation of the oppositional opinions For these European transnational companies, giants with the best understanding of the European public, and for the American corporations the restraint can be paid rather well with the advent of BY [GI] of the second generation, whose products will be more attractive for the society. Moreover of structure on the policy formulation (as, for example, the European Commission) it packs means into the new school programs, which support biotechnology, and into the training seminars for [pablik] of [rileyshnz] for the [GI]- scientists (instruction in the most intelligible and attractive methods of the idea of information about [GI]).

The Corporations

IN the USA are undertaken the steps on averting of the very beginning of dispute around [GI]. Food and pharmaceutical companies prepare large-scale Pr- action in order to present all “benefits” [GI] still before “it will burst out possible crisis”. “The producers of America” (GMA), that include 132 firms, among whom such giants, as Heinz, Craft and Procter & Of gamble, already prepare the educational program of in defense genetically changed food products (corn, tomatoes, potatoes and rape). Firms for [pablik] of [rileyshnz], such, as BSMG, Fleischmann-Hillard and Novelli participated in the competition to the contract into one million dollars. In central and East Europe the attempt of the companies “to insulate” market and public opinion from the situation in the European Union also at hand. As reports the regional division of the management of the company Of monsanto on the Czech Republic, Hungary and Ukraine, these states already burn in “black list” of corporations as the countries with the high standard of knowledge on the problem However, as a whole of an attempt at the isolation they did not everywhere reach success. For the company “Novartis” recently it was necessary to yield to the pressure of American community and to pass to the natural ingredients with the production of children's nourishment. Is obvious the fact that the exposure of the methods PR of corporations remains the important direction of the activity of activists. When the representative of the American company Of gerber, owner of which is Novartis, they asked, they will be in the USA just as in Europe, are raised questions [GI], he said: “We cannot guess. We - we plan. If this will become problem, we will be to it ready”.

Third World Country

Corporations and Third World Country

About 24 thousand people daily die from the hunger or the reasons connected with it. Three fourth of them - children at the age of up to 5 years. Approximately 800 million inhabitants of the Earth suffer from the hunger and the malnutrition, which 100 times almost exceeds a quantity of those dying from the hunger during the year. Now at the age of up to 5 years 10% of children's population of the developing countries die. In this case only 10% of hungry deaths are fallen to death strictly from the hunger (caused by the, as a rule, armed conflicts), rest - this death from the chronic malnutrition. Many families simply cannot ensure themselves with the sufficiency of food in view of their extreme misery. According to the data of international agencies, the people starve not because of an absolute deficiency in food products (them in the world it is produced more than it is necessary), but because these products and means of their production are concentrated in the hands of rich and powerful monopolies and are disproportionately distributed throughout the world. Now corporations with the aid of genetic engineering plan to place entire food chain under their control, which threatens by an even larger worsening in the situation. Declarations about the good intentions to feed poor with the aid of genetic engineering are laughable, when these patent and are placed under their control the products, which compose the basis of the ration of the inhabitants of the developing countries (such, as fig or corn). Third World Countries depended on these plants by millenia, and now they were forced to buy their seeds in western corporations. As indicates the co-author of the book “limits of an increase” In Of “statements, that genetic engineering is necessary in order to feed hungry, they are based on two assumptions: the first - that those starving will as a result obtain more than food, the second - that genetic engineering is the only method to obtain higher harvests. However, in my opinion, an increase in the production of food will hardly help that, who cannot allow itself to buy or to rear it, especially with the aid of the expensive patented modified seeds”.

FUNDS Of INVESTMENT

Declarations about the good intentions to feed poor with the aid of genetic engineering are laughable, when these patent and are placed under their control the products, which compose the basis of the ration of the inhabitants of the developing countries (such, as fig “to” or corn). Third World Countries depended on these plants by millenia, and now they were forced to buy their seeds in western corporations. As indicates the co-author of the book “limits of an increase” In Of , “statements, that genetic engineering is necessary in order to feed hungry, they are based on two assumptions: the first - that those starving will as a result obtain more than food, the second - that genetic engineering is the only method to obtain higher harvests. However, in my opinion, an increase in the production of food will hardly help that, who cannot allow itself to buy or to rear it, especially with the aid of the expensive patented modified seeds”. [TNK] indicate that the world hunger and a swift increase in the population of planet, especially in the Third World Countries, can be substantially softened with the aid of the miracles of biotechnology and Gm- food. In the sadly famous advertizing campaign of firm Monsanto in Great Britain was advanced the slogan: “Uneasiness about the starving future generations will not feed them. Biotechnology will make this”. Certainly, world hunger is at present serious problem, moreover, this authentic crime against humanity. The reason for world hunger - not in a deficiency in the food and not in a deficiency in the earth for its cultivation, but in the steady in the national and Pan-European level policy and the practice, which only contributes to the propagation of this calamity and to the prolongation of human sufferings. Genetic engineering will not feed and will not save the starving masses - precisely the opposite. In the opinion the organizations Of christian Of aid (Great Britain), “Gm- culture create classical prerequisites for the appearance of hunger. The food ration, whose basis they compose several plants, creates the most serious threat of food safety. Before the poorest strata of society looms the prospect of strengthening of dependence and acceleration of the processes of

Factors of production

Consider that the European Union and the U.S. Government pay to their farmers approximately on 1 billion [ekyu] yearly so that they would not rear the products of more than the specific limit. They pay still approximately on 1 to billion in order to redeem the surpluses of food and to place it to the storages, where it then satisfactorily rots. This makes it possible to support artificially high prices of the foodstuffs. Thus, products and the earth for the cultivation of products are sufficient - insufficient political will so that it is correct to distribute these products and to agree with their real prices. Problem is aggravated even and by the fact that the export- dependent economy of the developing countries is located under the burden of enormous debts that in the historical Post-[kolonialnom] context must be examined as the basic reason for world hunger. There are the fears that, for example, sowings of Bt- cotton in India to an even greater degree orient local farmers toward the cultivation of production for the export, instead of meeting of the demand of the domestic market. “Instead of decreasing of the sharpness of the problem of world hunger, Gm- products, they will most likely, only aggravate this problem. Farmers will prove to be in the enchanted circle, and their dependence on the heap [TNK], such as Monsanto, it will constantly grow. For 25 years of its existence our organization listened to the opinion of poverty-stricken farmers and helped them to develop the steady type of management. We know that in spite of an increase in the population of the planet, the food produced it is completely sufficient for all - the mountains of the putrefying food eloquently testify about this. Reason for the fact that million people in the world starve, in its disproportionate distribution. Gm- cultures actually will help “to clear road forward” (for the profits Of monsanto), but will become steep pitch back for the poor of the entire world”, he says it greased To [shetti], [przident] of the organization Of action Of aid (Great Britain).